Past fuel price hikes have repeatedly triggered energy-efficiency measures by shipowners (for instance, sailing at a lower speed). There are still quite a lot of sectorspecific hurdles to be overcome. According to the RBSA the evolution toward a CO2- neutral economy is a golden opportunity to be seized by the industry. Why? Because maritime transport has already achieved such high levels of energy efficiency and given the fact that much can still be improved. A legitimate question would be: what is realistic in the short and the long term?